What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine. Over time, inflammation can cause some of the vertebrae to fuse together, resulting in reduced spinal flexibility and a forward-stooped posture.
When the ribs are involved, chest expansion may be limited, making deep breathing difficult. The disease commonly begins in early adulthood and affects men more frequently than women.
Inflammation may also involve other parts of the body, most commonly the eyes. Although there is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, modern treatments can reduce symptoms and help slow disease progression.
Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Early symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis often develop gradually and may fluctuate over time. Symptoms can worsen, improve, or temporarily subside.
- Pain and stiffness in the lower back and hips, especially in the morning or after inactivity
- Neck pain and persistent fatigue
- Reduced spinal flexibility over time
The areas most commonly affected by inflammation include:
- The joints between the base of the spine and the pelvis (sacroiliac joints)
- The vertebrae of the lower spine
- Sites where tendons and ligaments attach to bones, particularly in the spine and heels
- The cartilage between the breastbone and ribs
- The hip and shoulder joints
Causes of Ankylosing Spondylitis
The exact cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown, but genetic factors play a significant role in disease development.
Many individuals with ankylosing spondylitis carry a gene called HLA-B27, which is associated with an increased risk of developing the condition. However, not everyone with this gene develops the disease.
Risk Factors
Several factors may increase the risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis, including:
- Male gender
- Onset during late adolescence or early adulthood
- Presence of the HLA-B27 gene
Why Early Specialist Care is Important
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in ankylosing spondylitis to control inflammation, maintain spinal mobility, and prevent long-term complications such as spinal fusion and postural deformity.
A rheumatologist can design an individualized treatment plan to manage symptoms, preserve function, and improve quality of life.
